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Pheromone traps can detect the arrival of fleas or alert foresters to outbreaks. For example, the spruce budworm, a destructive pest of spruce and balsam fir, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian forests for several decades.22 In certain regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of forest are sprayed with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the damage caused during outbreaks.23.

Many unwelcome animals visit or make their house in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban places. Some contaminate foodstuffs, harm structural timbers, chew through fabrics or infest stored dry goods. Some inflict great economic loss, others carry diseases or cause fire dangers, and a few are only a nuisance. Control of these pests has been attempted by improving sanitation and garbage control, modifying the habitat, and using repellents, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.24.

Physical pest control involves trapping or killing pests like insects and rodents. Historically, local people or paid rat-catchers caught and murdered rodents using dogs and seals.25 On a domestic scale, sticky flypapers are used to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects may be trapped using these means as pheromones, synthetic volatile substances or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; some have a tacky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them.

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Rodents can be killed by appropriately baited spring cubes and can be captured in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or"tracking powder" can be employed to establish routes employed by rodents inside buildings and acoustic apparatus can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.24.

Historically, guns have been one of the primary methods used for pest control. "Garden Guns" are smooth bore shotguns specifically made to fire .22 caliber snake shot or 9mm Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers for snakes, rodents, birds, and other insect. Garden Guns are short range weapons which can do little damage past 15 to 20 yards, and they're relatively silent when fired with snake shot, when compared with some standard ammunition.

They are also used for pest control at airports, warehouses, stockyards, etc.26.

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The most common shot cartridge is .22 Long Rifle loaded with #12 shot. At a distance of about 10 feet (3 m), which is about the maximum effective range, the pattern is about 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter from a standard rifle. Special smoothbore shotguns, such as the Marlin Model 25MG can produce effective patterns from 15 or 20 yards using.22 WMR shotshells, which hold 1/8 ounce.

Poisoned bait is a common method for controlling rats, rats, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches and other insects. The fundamental read what he said granules, or other formulation, contains a food attractant for the target species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so that the workers have time to take the substance back to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent additional egg-laying and nuisance.27 Baits for slugs and snails often contain the molluscide metaldehyde, dangerous to children and family pets.28.

Warfarin has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many populations have developed resistance for this anticoagulant, and difenacoum is often substituted.29 All these are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up frequently.27 Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals like wolves30 and birds of prey.31 Poisoned carcasses nevertheless kill a wide range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species.30 Raptors in Israel were nearly wiped out following a period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop pests.32.

Fumigation is the treatment of a structure to kill pests such as wood-boring beetles by sealing it surrounding it with an airtight Termite Control By Kerosene cover such as a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, typically of 2472 hours. This is expensive and inconvenient because the construction cannot be used during the treatment, however, it targets all life phases of pests.33.

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An alternative, distance treatment, is fogging or misting to distribute a liquid insecticide in the atmosphere within a building without evacuation or sterile sealing, allowing most work within the building to continue, in the cost of decreased penetration. Contact insecticides are generally used to minimise long lasting residual effects.33

Populations of insect insects can sometimes be dramatically reduced by the release of sterile individuals. This click for more info involves the mass rearing of a insect, sterilising it by means of X-rays or various other means, and releasing it into a wild population. It is particularly useful where a female only mates once and where the insect does not disperse widely.34 This technique has been successfully used against the New World screw-worm fly, a few species of tsetse fly, tropical fruit flies, the pink bollworm and the codling moth, among others.35.